When you see the law mentioned in the Bible, what comes to mind? Perhaps you think “the law” = the Law of Moses.
If so, you may dismiss chunks of the New Testament as “not for me.” You might think, “The law was given to the Jews. I am not a Jew. This is not for me.”
And you would be mostly right. The law is not for you. We are under grace, not law. We died to the law, so that we might live for God.
But it would be a mistake to dismiss all those law passages as Jewish passages. Consider this verse:
But the Scripture has shut up everyone under sin, so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the law, being shut up to the faith which was later to be revealed. (Galatians 3:22–23)
This passage is not talking about Jews but everyone. Once upon a time, the human race was captive to sin and kept in custody under the law. In this context “the law” refers to the universal law of right and wrong, a.k.a. the knowledge of good and evil.
Law 1.0 – The Law of Right and Wrong
After Adam ate from the forbidden tree, he knew he had done wrong because he had acquired the knowledge of good and evil. He had a basic version of the law, as do we all. The law of right and wrong is hardwired into the heart of every human:
(The Gentiles) show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them. (Romans 2:15)
When Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery, they described their actions using words like evil, sin, and transgression (Gen. 50:15–17). It was not the Law of Moses that condemned them – that came 400 years later – but the law of right and wrong.
The law written in the hearts of sinners gives the knowledge of good and evil. It silences every mouth and holds the whole world accountable to God (Rom. 3:19).
As a sinner, you knew when you had done wrong because your conscience condemned you through the law of right and wrong.
Law 2.0 – The Law of Moses
Then we come to the Law of Moses which refers to the commandments, ordinances, and ceremonial observances given to the nation of Israel (Jos. 8:31, John 1:17, 7:19).
The Law of Moses is a souped-up version of the universal law of right and wrong. It is the Law 2.0 in the sense that it draws lines and prescribes penalties for improper behavior.
Imagine a prison with two prison guards. The first guard is a timid fellow, but the second is a bully. Step out of line and the first guard might have a quiet word in your ear, but the second guard will bash you with his big stick.
This is what Paul is describing in Galatians 3. All of us were in a prison of sin and kept under the guardianship of the law. But the law guarding the Jews was a tougher law. They got the bully. This bully was a boon to the Jews because it made them long for a Deliverer.
Law 3.0 – The Sermon on the Mount
The Ten Commandments were ten blazing spotlights revealing the Jews’ captivity and highlighting their need for a Savior. But the religious leaders dimmed the lights by preaching a partial law. Without the merciless law constantly pounding them, the Jews began to get comfortable inside the prison.
Enter Jesus.
In the Sermon on the Mount the Lord elevated the law and made it magnificent.
You have heard that it was said, “You shall not commit adultery”; but I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. (Matthew 5:27–28)
Jesus preached a law even stricter than the Law of Moses. He introduced the meanest prison guard of all. If Guard #2 beat you for committing adultery, Guard #3 clobbered you for just thinking about it.
Jesus preached the Law 3.0 to people living under Law 2.0 so that all of us, even those living under Law 1.0, would realize our need for salvation.
What is the custody of the law?
The law – however you definite it – tells you that you are a lawbreaker or sinner in need of salvation. The law is not your friend; he is your jailer. He berates and condemns you without mercy, because that’s his job.
Therefore the law has become our guardian to lead us to Christ, so that we may be justified by faith. (Galatians 3:24)
Who is this talking about? Everyone. All of us. Before faith came, we were all kept in custody under the law (see verse 22).
But that was then and this is now. Jesus has come and we don’t need any law any more. We don’t need Jewish law or church law. We who have come to Christ are no longer under the custody of the law (see Rom. 10:4).
So what value does the law have for the believer? It has no value at all. The law is for captives and in Christ we are free.
Thank God for the law that leads us to Christ, but thank him even more that in Christ we are no longer under the custody of the law.
—